World 45 (6), 575582
Additionally, GHK demonstrated the ability to reverse the expression of various genes, most notably, the gene signature of COPD
For instance, TMAO, a metabolite produced by gut bacteria from dietary choline and carnitine, is closely associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes when its plasma levels are elevated ( Shigella , can promote systemic inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of CVD ( Given the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and drugs, as well as the influence of the gut microbiota on CVD, the gut microbiota also plays a crucial role in shaping the therapeutic effects and side effects of cardiovascular drugs
Abbreviations ADFI: Average daily feed intake ADG: Average daily gain AGP: Antibiotic growth promoters BWG: Body weight growth CAT: Catalase CP: Crude protein DM: Dry matter E.coli : Escherichia coli EE: Ether extracts ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases G:F : Gain to feed ratio GE: Gross energy GIT: Gastrointestinal tract GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase IgA: Immunoglobulin A IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 IgG: Immunoglobulin G IgM: Immunoglobulin M IL-1: Interleukin 1 IL-10: Interleukin 10 IL-12: Interleukin 12 IL-1: Interleukin 1 IL-2: Interleukin 2 IL-6: Interleukin 6 INF-: Interferon-gamma JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 MDA: Malondialdehyde MyHC: Myosin heavy chain NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NO: Nitric acid Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor OM: Organic matter SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids SIgA: Secretory immunoglobulin A SOD: Superoxide dismutase T-AOC: Total antioxidant capacity TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TGF-1: Transforming growth factor- TLR: Toll-like receptors TNF- : Tumor necrosis factor TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor ZO-1 : Zonula occludens-1 References Abdelli N, Sol-Oriol D, Prez JF (2021) Phytogenic feed additives in poultry: achievements, prospective and challenges
10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105741 4 AgrahariV.AgrahariV.ChouM
Rosendahl AH, Hietala M, Henningson M, Olsson H, Jernstrm H
