While established CKD therapies such as renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (ns-MRAs) mitigate chronic progression [20], specific interventions targeting the AKI-CKD transition phase remain elusive
As cited above, the amino acid cysteine is a rate-limiting factor for GSH synthesis, and a variety of both clinical trials and in-vitro/in-vivo data suggest that supplying cysteine as NAC is an effective strategy for enhancing GSH production and intracellular cysteine.Intravenous NAC has been utilized for some time to treat acetaminophen and non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure by restoring the concentration of GSH, and has been found to be safe and effective
In the Phase 3 GAIA (CLL13) clinical trial,58 patients with CLL who were fit and had no TP53 gene abnormalities were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive six cycles of chemotherapy: one to six cycles of chemoimmunotherapy (fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab or bendamustine-rituximab) or 12 cycles of venetoclax-rituximab, venetoclax-obinutuzumab or venetoclax-obinutuzumab-ibrutinib
Currently, certain NOX4 inhibitors (GKT137831), as well as mitochondrial antioxidants (MitoQ, SS-31), of which some are in phase II clinical trials (134), fall into this category
The interplay between -synuclein and microglia in -synucleinopathies
To establish a DTXresistant subline, a multiphase stepwise selection protocol was applied over an 8week period