l carnitine tmao koeth 2013 nature medicine γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L-carnitine to Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Aquatic Foods
Trimethylamine N Oxide in Aquatic Foods Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Comparison of short term and long term effects of peroral L carnitine intake: clinical implications of elevated TMAO levels in cardiovascular complications Butyrobetaine Is a Proatherogenic Intermediate in Gut Microbial Metabolism of L Carnitine to TMAO: Cell Metabolism TMAO metaorganismal pathway and chronic inflammatory diseases Dietary allicin reduces transformation of L carnitine to TMAO through impact on gut microbiota ScienceDirect JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans
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