Autonomic Nerve Damage Excessive or reduced sweating Lightheadedness or dizziness when standing Dry eyes and mouth Constipation or other digestive changes Bladder dysfunction Motor Nerve Damage Muscle weakness Muscle loss (atrophy) Muscle cramps or twitching Coordination problems and difficulty gripping objects Paralysis in severe cases Sensory Nerve Damage Numbness, tingling, or pins-and-needles sensations Burning or sharp pain Electric shock-like sensations Increased sensitivity to light touch, clothing, or temperature changes Problems with positional awareness Damage can affect one or multiple nerve types, leading to a wide range of symptoms and making nerve damage harder to identify, so a medical evaluation is essential to accurately diagnose the type of nerve damage and develop an effective treatment plan
Nicotine patches Nicotine chewing gum Nicotine lozenges Nicotine mouth spray Nicotine inhaler Nicotine-free medications are also available to help you quit smoking
doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac073 42
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In the European Union, the EU Tobacco Products Directive established strict regulations on tank size, nicotine strength, and e-liquid volumes starting in 2016
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