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Yes, We Should Be Concerned About the Health Effects of Vaping E Cigarette Dependence and Depressive Symptoms Among Youth American Journal of Preventive Medicine Penn State study: Vapers report less dependence, addiction than cigarette smokers WHYY E cigarettes less addictive than cigarettes Penn State University Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (ECDI) in a Colombian Sample The Roswell eND scale: Brief, valid assessment of nicotine dependence adults seeking to discontinue e cigarette use ScienceDirect
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