l-carnitine tmao koeth 2013 nature medicine Innovative carnitine-fed rats model reveals resveratrol butyrate Ester's multimechanistic role in reducing and cardiovascular risk Comparison of short-term and long-term
Comparison of short term and long term effects of peroral L carnitine intake: clinical implications of elevated TMAO levels in cardiovascular complications JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Emerging role of trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) in colorectal cancer Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Nature Link Butyrobetaine Is a Proatherogenic Intermediate in Gut Microbial Metabolism of L Carnitine to TMAO: Cell Metabolism Effects of choline metabolitetrimethylamine N oxide on immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel disease Frontiers
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