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How does smoking affect your anatomy and physiology? The role of cigarette smoke induced pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in COPD Respiratory Research Springer Nature Link The symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include difficulty breathing, coughing, mucus production (sputum), and wheezing. Most cases are directly linked to tobacco smoking, so the best way to prevent COPD Frontiers Pathogenesis of (smoking related) non communicable diseasesEvidence for a common underlying pathophysiological pattern Smoking Cessation for COPD: Benefits & Tips Individuals at Risk for COPD Journal of COPD Foundation

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