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Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and altered expression of mRNA and short and long non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key mediators of the relationship between early environmental adversity and brain development and function

Several studies have found that chronic ethanol treatment causes decreased methylation of the DAT1 promoter, resulting in the upregulation of DAT in a variety of brain regions (5456)

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